Echocardiography in the cardiac assessment of young athletes: a 2025 guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography

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David Oxborough, Keith George, Robert Cooper, Raghav Bhatia, Tristan Ramcharan, Abbas Zaidi, Sabiha Gati, Keerthi Prakash, Dhrubo Rakhit, Shaun Robinson, Graham Stuart, Jan Forster, Melanie Ackrill, Daniel Augustine, Aneil Malhotra, Michael Papadakis, Silvia Castelletti, Victoria Pettemerides, Liam Ring, Antoinette Kenny, Aaron Baggish & Sanjay Sharma 

Sudden cardiac death in a young physically active individual or athlete is a rare but tragic event. Pre-participation screening and follow-up investigations are utilised to reduce the risk and occurrence of these events. Echocardiography plays a key role in the cardiac diagnostic pathway and aims to identify underlying inherited or congenital structural cardiac conditions. In 2013 the British Society of Echocardiography and Cardiac Risk in the Young produced a joint guidance document to support echocardiographers in this setting. The document was subsequently updated in 2018, and it is now timely to provide a further update to the guideline drawing on the advances in our knowledge alongside the developments in ultrasound technology within this nuanced area of sports cardiology.