Preventing young sudden cardiac deaths through awareness, screening and research, and supporting affected families.

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  • Support
    • After a Young Sudden Cardiac Death
      • Bereavement Support
      • Individual Support
      • Coroner
      • Coroner Inquest Support
      • Memorial Funds
      • My Story
    • Living with a condition
      • myheart – Support Network
  • Cardiac Screening
    • Frequently Asked Questions
  • Research
    • CRY’s Research
    • Research Fellows
    • Research Fellowship Grants
    • CRY Cardiology Conference
  • Medical Information
    • Resources for GPs
    • Sample ECGs
    • myheart – Support Network
  • Fundraising
    • Become a CRY Fundraiser
    • Fundraising Hub
    • Fundraising FAQ’s
    • Find an Event
    • Upcoming Supporter Led Events
    • Event Write Ups
    • Memorial Funds
    • Proceeds to CRY
  • Awareness
    • Ambassadors
    • In the Media
      • National News
      • Regional News
    • CRY Press Office
    • CRY Press Release
    • Parliament
    • Volunteer for CRY
  • About Us
    • Ambassadors
    • Contact Us
    • Representatives
    • CRY Staff
  • Shop
  • Donate

Professor Sanjay Sharma – CRY Consultant Cardiologist

Professor Sanjay Sharma

I have been involved with CRY since 1996 and our research has led to many “firsts” in the scientific literature.

  •  The research funded by cardiac risk in the young was largely responsible for the development of the international recommendations for ECG interpretation in athletes, which is used globally. 
  • Our nationwide screening program for individuals aged 14 to 35, as shown that one in 300 apparently healthy individuals has a serious, cardiac fault. A diagnosis leads to intervention with life-saving therapy in 40% of cases.
  • Working with families of victims of sudden death, our research has shown that the brugada syndrome is the most common cause of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome (SADS) in the UK.
  • Investigation of family members of victims of idiopathic left ventricular hypertrophy, our findings suggest that this entity is separate from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and requires more comprehensive assessment to exclude ion channel disease.
  • CRY were the first to provide information on the physiological upper limits of cardiac dimensions in adult National British athletes (Published in European Journal of Applied Physiology).
  • CRY were the first organisation ever to characterise cardiac dimensions in a large cohort of adolescent athletes, who are most vulnerable to sudden death during sport from cardiomyopathy. Landmark studies in the Journal of American College of Cardiology and Heart are the main international studies on this subject.
  • CRY wrote the first paper on ECG changes in adolescent athletes (1000 athletes studied) which was published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine and is a blueprint for the European Society of Sports Cardiology.
  • CRY have performed the only study on cardiovascular adaptation in athletes of West African origin. The results show that ECGs in black athletes are quite different to those in white athletes and could be mistaken for serious cardiac disorder.
  • CRY are the first organisation to state the prevalence and significance of an isolated long QT interval in elite athletes. This study has called for revision of consensus guidelines published by the American College of Cardiology.
  • CRY is the first to describe the prevalence of HCM in elite athletes.
CRY has contributed to the following papers, reports, abstracts and conference proceedings. All these articles have been authored (or co-authored) by cardiologists, doctors and research fellows working closely with CRY.
 

CRY's Papers and Publications

Endurance Training and the Aging Heart: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Competitive Cyclists

26/12/2025

Read the full research here Irene Juanes, Saad Fyyaz, Ahmed Merghani, Gemma Parry-Williams, Stathis Papatheodorou, Daniel Abioye, Daniel Tardo, Mihnea Casian, Michael Papadakis, Sanjay Sharma, Gherardo Finocchiaro. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2025 Dec 26.

Read More »

Impact of lifetime alcohol consumption on left ventricular myocardial reserve in athletes 

05/11/2025

5th November – Read the full research here S Marwaha , R Bhatia , J Basu , K Mohamed , M Tome , A Malhotra , M Papadakis , S Sharma

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: changing the paradigm of exercise prescription and competitive sport participation

09/10/2025

9th October 2025 – Read the full research here Mattia Zampieri , Sara Saberi , Flavio D’Ascenzi , Michael Papadakis , Antonio Pelliccia , Iacopo Olivotto

Read More »

Role of exercise in atrial fibrillation management

01/10/2025

Sarandeep Marwaha, Sanjay Sharma. British journal of sports medicine. 2025 Aug 26. Read the full research here

Read More »

Exercise Prescription in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy: Finding the Right Balance Between Risks and Benefits

17/06/2025

Lorenzo-Lupo Dei, Jennie Han, Silvio Romano, Luigi Sciarra, Angeliki Asimaki, Michael Papadakis, Sanjay Sharma, Gherardo Finocchiaro. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2025 Jun 17. Read the full research here Abstract: Arrhythmogenic

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Cardiovascular disease reported as modes of death in the Office for National Statistics mortality data: a retrospective observational study

02/06/2025

Read the full research here Joseph D Westaby, Anne-Marie Gabrawi, Mary N Sheppard. JRSM Open. Abstract: Objective: A cause of death is a specific disease or injury which

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The use of cardiovascular modes of death in the office of national statistics mortality statistics

24/05/2025

Read the full article here J Westaby, A M Gabrawi, M N Sheppard

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Patterns & prevalence of myocardial fibrosis in masters endurance athletes

19/05/2025

Read the full research here S Fyyaz, R Tomoaia, W Javed, A Merghani, S Papatheodorou, G Parry-Williams, R Bhatia, N Chatrath, H Maclachlan, K Alfakih, J O’driscoll, M Papadakis, S Sharma, P Swoboda

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Utility of cardiopulmonary stress testing in differentiating LV remodelling and dilated cardiomyopathy in athletes with an enlarged ventricle and baseline depressed LV function

19/05/2025

Read the full research here S Marwaha, P Bulleros, Z Fanton, R Bhatia, H Maclachlan, G Finocchiaro, S Gati, S Prasad, M Papadakis, S Sharma 

Read More »

Cardiac electrical and anatomical remodelling in elite professional wrestlers: impact of sex differences

19/05/2025

Read the full research here L L Dei, M Papadakis, S Romano, L Sciarra, T C Minopoli, S Sharma, G Finocchiaro

Read More »

Exercise and phenotypic progression in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy

19/05/2025

Read the full research here T Minopoli, D Tardo, M Casian, A Petrone, L Dei, D Maritsa, K Halim, D Abiyoie, M Specterman, N Bunce, M Tome-Esteban, E Behr, M Papadakis, S Sharma, G Finocchiaro

Read More »

Cardiac adaptation in young and master cyclists

19/05/2025

Read the full research here I Juanes Dominguez, S Fyyaz, A Merghani, G Parry-Williams, S Papatheodorou, M Papadakis, S Sharma, G Finocchiaro

Read More »

Fibrosis patterns and arrhythmia risk in athletes with dilated left ventricles

19/05/2025

Read the full research here S Marwaha, E Androulakis, R Bhatia, S Khoury, L Anderson, N Bunce, G Finocchiaro, S Gati, S Prasad, M Papadakis, S Sharma

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Sex-based differences in masters athletes: insights from CPET and cardiac MRI analysis

19/05/2025

Read the full research here R Tomoaia, S Fyyaz, W Javed, A Merghani, S Papatheodorou, G Parry-Williams, R Bhatia, N Chatrath, H Maclachlan, J Lipscombe, M Bolat, J O’driscoll, M Papadakis, S Sharma, P P Swoboda

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Validation and refinement of a non-invasive algorithm for differentiating physiological LV enlargement and dilated cardiomyopathy in athletes with an enlarged and low resting LV

19/05/2025

Read the full research here S Marwaha, Z Fanton, P Bulleros, R Bhatia, H Maclachlan, G Finocchiaro, S Gati, S Prasad, M Papadakis, S Sharma 

Read More »

Features of T Wave Inversion and Diagnosis of Cardiomyopathy: Relevance for a Cardiac Screening Programme in Young Individuals

12/05/2025

Read the full research here Ali Alzarka, Daniel Abioye, Hamish Maclachlan, Raghav Bhatia, Michael Papadakis, Sanjay Sharma, Gherardo Finocchiaro To determine the clinical significance of T wave depth

Read More »

Epidemiology and aetiology of sudden cardiac death in athletes

07/05/2025

Read the full research here Joe Westaby, Mary Sheppard

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Professor Sanjay Sharma comments on CRY’s involvement and support for the British Society of Echocardiography’s (BSE) new guideline on echocardiographic assessment of young athletes

04/04/2025

“The aim of this comprehensive, up-to-date guideline, which includes numerous authors who are CRY (Cardiac Risk in the Young) physiologists, cardiac Research Fellows and senior

Read More »

Echocardiography in the cardiac assessment of young athletes: a 2025 guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography

14/03/2025

Read the full research here David Oxborough, Keith George, Robert Cooper, Raghav Bhatia, Tristan Ramcharan, Abbas Zaidi, Sabiha Gati, Keerthi Prakash, Dhrubo Rakhit, Shaun Robinson, Graham Stuart, Jan Forster, Melanie Ackrill, Daniel Augustine, Aneil Malhotra, Michael Papadakis, Silvia Castelletti, Victoria Pettemerides, Liam Ring, Antoinette

Read More »

Sudden Cardiac Death in Childhood: Peaks in Teenagers

18/02/2025

Read the full research here Joseph D Westaby, Mary N Sheppard. Circulation. Arrythmia and electrophysiology. 2025 Feb.

Read More »

Sudden cardiac death during anesthesia in non-cardiac surgery and its link to possible cardiac channelopathies: A case series

02/02/2025

Read the full research here Samadhi Dandeniya Arachchi, Joseph Westaby, Mary N Sheppard. JCA Advances. 2025 Feb. Abstract: Cardiac arrest with induction of anesthesia in those who

Read More »

Proposed minimum dataset for an athlete screening echocardiogram: the Standardised Transthoracic Echocardiogram Reporting in Athletes (STERA)

31/01/2025

Read the full research here Belinda Gray, Angus Davis, Jessica Orchard, Michael Papadakis, Aaron Baggish, Andre La Gerche

Read More »

Beyond the postmortem diagnosis of HCM: a genetic approach guided by clinical and morphological features in Noonan syndrome

25/01/2025

Read the full research here Elena Sola-García, Birethine Sathiyanathan, Alba María García-García, Mary N Sheppard, María Teresa Tomé-Esteban. Revista espanola de cardiologia (English ed). 2025 Jan 25.

Read More »

Risk stratification and exercise recommendations in cardiomyopathies and channelopathies: a practical guide for the multidisciplinary team

20/01/2025

Read the full research here Joyee Basu, Hamish MacLachlan, Raghav Bhatia, Helen Alexander, Robert Cooper, Nabeel Sheikh. Heart. Exercise offers a plethora of health benefits. However, certain genetic and acquired

Read More »

High intensity exercise programme in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a randomised trial

11/01/2025

Read the full research here J Basu, D Nikoletou, C Miles, H MacLachlan, G Parry-Williams, F Tilby-Jones, P Bulleros, Z Fanton, C Baker, S Purcell

Read More »

Too old for a life-threatening inherited cardiac condition? The importance of cascade genetic testing

07/01/2025

Read the full research here Luciana Andreea Hrib, Andra Valeria Hadarag, Mihnea Casian, Michael Papadakis

Read More »

29-year-old Asymptomatic Caucasian Male Attends Cardiac Screening

07/01/2025

Read the full research here Dr. Joshua Lloyd, Dr. Mihnea Casian. European Association of Preventive Cardiology. Abstract: Premature Ventricular Complexes (PVCs) are a common ECG

Read More »

Influence of age and sex on the diagnostic yield of inherited cardiac conditions in sudden arrhythmic death syndrome decedents

23/12/2024

Read the full research here Belinda Gray, Elijah R Behr, Efstathios Papatheodorou, Athanasios Bakalakos, Hariharan Raju, Yanushi D Wijeyeratne, Gherardo Finocchiaro, Aneil Malhotra, Nicola Whiffin, James S Ware, Maria Tome Esteban, Mary N Sheppard, Sanjay Sharma, Michael Papadakis.

Read More »

Sudden cardiac death during anesthesia in non-cardiac surgery and its link to possible cardiac channelopathies: A case series

19/12/2024

Read the full research here Samadhi Dandeniya Arachchi, Joseph Westaby, Mary N. Sheppard

Read More »

High intensity exercise programme in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a randomised trial

17/12/2024

Read the full research here Basu, J; Nikoletou, D; Miles, C; MacLachlan, H; Parry-Williams, G; Tilby-Jones, F; Bulleros, P; Fanton, Z; Baker, C; Purcell, S; Lech, C; Chapman, T; Sage, P; Wahid, S; Sheikh, N; Jayakumar, S; Malhotra, A; Keteepe-Arachi, T; Gray, B; Finocchiaro,

Read More »

Olympic distance duathlon and cardiac performance in highly-trained triathletes

12/12/2024

Read the full article here J A Donaldson, J D Wiles, M Papadakis, S Sharma, R Sharma, J M O’Driscoll

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EAPC Sports Cardiology Course 2024

25/11/2024

Almost 300 delegates attended an intense, informative and interactive event, held in Central London, sharing the very latest developments in sports cardiology as part of the EAPC Sports Cardiology Course.
“Such useful advice for general cardiologists like me as we do, at times, see very fit individuals and athletes with concerns – so it’s really helpful to know when and when not to worry.” (example of feedback from a delegate at the EAPC Sports Cardiology Course 2024)

Read More »

Are the cardiovascular benefits and potential risks of physical activity and exercise dependent on race, ethnicity or sex?

13/11/2024

Read the full research here Daniel T Tardo, Michael Papadakis. The Canadian journal of cardiology Abstract:Physical activity (PA) is established as a cornerstone of cardiovascular

Read More »

A case of Sudden Cardiac Death with myocardial infarction due to iatrogenic coronary dissection in a patient with coronary vasospasm

29/10/2024

Samadhi Dandeniya Arachchi and Mary N Sheppard  Read the full research here

Read More »

Cardiac screening with ECG in the young: significance of T wave inversion, T wave depth and T wave/QRS ratio

28/10/2024

A Alzarka, D Abioye, H Maclachlan, R Bhatia, S Sharma, M Papadakis, G Finocchiaro Read the full research here

Read More »

Insights into the aetiology and temporal trends in cardiac mortality in the young: a 21-year review of national and registry data in the united kingdom

28/10/2024

R Bhatia, T J Yeo, H Maclachlan, J Basu, N Chatrath, S Fyyaz, S Marwaha, J Westaby, E Behr, A Malhotra, G Finocchiaro, S Cox, M Sheppard, S Sharma, M Papadakis Read the full research here

Read More »

Non-specific myocardial fibrosis in young competitive athletes: clinical significance and risk prediction by a powerful machine learning-based model

14/10/2024

Read the full research here E. Androulakis, S. Marwaha, N. Dikaros, R. Bhatia, H. MacLachlan, S. Fyazz, N. Chatrath, A. Merghani, G. Finocchiaro, S. Sharma & M. Papadakis 

Read More »

Abstract We147: The Utility of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) Amongst Male and Female athletes to Differentiate Between Physiological Left Ventricular Enlargement and Mildly Depressed Resting Systolic Function and Athletic Individuals with Dilated Cardiomyopathy.

09/10/2024

Sarandeep Marwaha, Zephryn Fanton, Paulo Bulleros, Rachel Simmons, Raghav T Bhatia, Hamish MacLachlan, Maite Tome, Gherardo Finocchiaro, Aneil Malhotra, Sabiha Gati, Sanjay Prasad, Michael Papadakis and Sanjay Sharma Read the full research here

Read More »

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathies (ARVC): Diagnostic challenges from imaging to genetics

06/09/2024

Mihnea Casian, Michael Papadakis, Ruxandra Jurcut. Kardiologia Polska. Read the full research here Abstract: Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a hereditary cardiomyopathy, predominantly affecting young males,

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Anabolic steroids in athletes: the interplay of hormones and inflammation leading to the heart’s vulnerability

06/09/2024

Sarandeep Marwaha, Michael Papadakis. European journal of preventive cardiology. Read the full research here

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Ethnicity and sudden cardiac death in athletes: insights from a large United Kingdom registry

06/09/2024

Gherardo Finocchiaro, Davide Radaelli, Stefano D’Errico, Raghav Bhatia, Michael Papadakis, Elijah R Behr, Joseph Westaby, Sanjay Sharma, Mary N Sheppard. European journal of preventive cardiology. Read the full research here Aims: The relationship between

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Anabolic steroids in athletes: The interplay of hormones and inflammation leading to the heart’s vulnerability

06/08/2024

Read the research here

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Are patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy given appropriate advice on exercise at a central London inherited cardiac conditions outpatient service?

19/06/2024

Read the full paper here

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Longitudinal insights into coronary plaque amongst master athletes

13/06/2024

Read the full research here S Fyyaz, A Merghani, S Al-Turaihi, N Chatrath, R Bhatia, H Maclachlan, G Finocchiaro, S Papatheodorou, G Parry-Williams, S David, J O’driscoll, M Papadakis, K Alfakih, S Sharma. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology.

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The impact of drug use in athletes on resting LV systolic function and contractile reserve

13/06/2024

S Marwaha, P Bulleros, Z Fanton, H Maclachlan, R Bhatia, G Finocchiaro, S Prasad, S Gati, M Papadakis, S Sharma. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. Read the full research here Background Consumption of recreational

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Predicting non-specific myocardial fibrosis in clinical setting in a large cohort of young and veteran athletes using a powerful machine learning model

13/06/2024

Read the full research here E Androulakis, N Dikaros, E Papatheodorou, A Merghani, S Fyyaz, G Perry-Williams, S Sharma, M Papadakis. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. Abstract: Background Non-specific myocardial fibrosis (NSMF)

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Feasibility of novel points-based health questionnaire utilised in a nationwide cardiac screening programme for young individuals

13/06/2024

Read the full research here H Maclachlan, R Ambrogetti, N Moulson, R Bhatia, S Fyyaz, N Chatrath, E Androulakis, C Miles, J Basu, G Finocchiaro, S Gati, A Malhotra, S Sharma, J Mckinney, M Papadakis. European Journal of Preventive

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A longitudinal study of quantitative late gadolinium enhancement analysis in young athletes versus non-athletic individuals with acute myocarditis

13/06/2024

Read the full research here H Butt, E Androulakis, R Bhatia, H Maclachlan, S Sharma, M Papadakis. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. Abstract: Acute myocarditis is an acute inflammatory process

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Type 1 Brugada Pattern May Be Provoked by Ajmaline in Some Healthy Subjects: Results From a Clinical Trial

31/05/2024

Read the full paper here

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Ethnicity and Sudden Cardiac Death in Athletes: Insights from a Large United Kingdom Registry

18/04/2024

Read the full paper here Gherardo Finocchiaro, Davide Radaelli, Stefano D’Errico, Raghav Bhatia, Michael Papadakis, Elijah R Behr, Joseph Westaby, Sanjay Sharma, Mary N Sheppard.

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Preventing young sudden cardiac deaths through awareness, screening and research, and supporting affected families.

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